ब्रायनसँगै झुम्यो काठमाडौं

काठमाडौ, फाल्गुन ७ -
'नेपाल ! मेरो नाम ब्रायन हो' भन्दै स्टेजमा उत्रेका विख्यात क्यानडेली गायक ब्रायन एडम्सले शनिबार साँझ दशरथ रंगशालामा झन्डै २० हजार दर्शकलाई 'लेट्स मेक अ नाइट टु रिमेम्बर' -यो रातलाई स्मरणीय बनाऔं) सहित डेढ दर्जन बढी गीतमार्फत अविस्मरणीय मनोरन्जन दिलाए । उनको ऐतिहासिक प्रस्तुतिले काठमाडौं निकैबेर झुमिरह्यो । सर्वाधिक सफल अंग्रेजी गायकले नेपालमा आएर बृहत् सांगीतिक प्रस्तुति दिएको यो पहिलो हो । आफ्नो काठमाडौं आगमनलाई 'नेपाली समाज बाँकी विश्वसँग खुलिरहेको' टिप्पणी गर्ने गायकले भने, 'संसार आपसमा खुलिरहेको छ । आशा छ, तपाईंहरूले पश्चिमा गीतहरू अझ बढी सुन्न पाउनुहुनेछ ।'

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Climate-Change is as real as evolution and the Big Bang

With snows ravaging most of the USA we thought it appropraite not to forget that in 2010, members of the National Academy of Sciences warned that “The planet is warming due to increased concentrations of heat-trapping gases in our atmosphere. A snowy winter in Washington does not alter this fact.
Climate change is a theory as certain as the theory of the Earth’s age (4.5 billion years), the Big Bang Theory, and the theory of evolution."
This headed a list of “fundamental conclusions about climate change” provided by the National Academy of Sciences, signed by 255 prominent climate scientists, and published in Science Magazine in response to Sen. James M. Inhofe's denunciation of climate change as a “hoax,” and the increasingly politicized debate on whether human caused climate change is really occurring.

According to the letter, whose lead signer is Peter Gleick, director of the Pacific Institute in Oakland, Calif., there is no debate. "Climate change is a theory as certain as the theory of the Earth’s age (4.5 billion years), the Big Bang Theory, and the theory of evolution. Those who disagree “are typically driven by special interests or dogma, not by an honest effort to provide an alternative theory that credibly satisfies the evidence,” the scientists write.

The letter, which was rejected by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post, uses language more incendiary than is typically heard from the scientific community. In many ways it resembles the aggressive rhetoric spoken by the three-term Oklahoma Senator who likened the environmental movement to Hitler’s Third Reich in 2006, and cited “Climategate” as proof that human influenced climate change has been “debunked” in December 2009.

“We also call for an end to McCarthy-like threats of criminal prosecution against our colleagues based on innuendo and guilt by association,” the letter continues, apparently referring to Sen. Inhofe’s efforts to prosecute the scientists involved in Climategate, and to the litigation put forth by Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccineli to subpoena a University of Virginia climate scientist under scrutiny for defrauding taxpayers.

“Society has two choices,” conclude the 255 signatories. “We can ignore the science and hide our heads in the sand and hope we are lucky, or we can act in the public interest to reduce the threat of global climate change quickly and substantively. The good news is that smart and effective actions are possible. But delay must not be an option.”

Jason McManus

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What Is a Hacker?

What Is a Hacker?
The Jargon File contains a bunch of definitions of the term ‘hacker’, most having to do with technical adeptness and a delight in solving problems and overcoming limits. If you want to know how to become a hacker, though, only two are really relevant.

There is a community, a shared culture, of expert programmers and networking wizards that traces its history back through decades to the first time-sharing minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. The members of this culture originated the term ‘hacker’. Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers run Usenet. Hackers make the World Wide Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to it and other people in it know who you are and call you a hacker, you're a hacker.

The hacker mind-set is not confined to this software-hacker culture. There are people who apply the hacker attitude to other things, like electronics or music — actually, you can find it at the highest levels of any science or art. Software hackers recognize these kindred spirits elsewhere and may call them ‘hackers’ too — and some claim that the hacker nature is really independent of the particular medium the hacker works in. But in the rest of this document we will focus on the skills and attitudes of software hackers, and the traditions of the shared culture that originated the term ‘hacker’.

There is another group of people who loudly call themselves hackers, but aren't. These are people (mainly adolescent males) who get a kick out of breaking into computers and phreaking the phone system. Real hackers call these people ‘crackers’ and want nothing to do with them. Real hackers mostly think crackers are lazy, irresponsible, and not very bright, and object that being able to break security doesn't make you a hacker any more than being able to hotwire cars makes you an automotive engineer. Unfortunately, many journalists and writers have been fooled into using the word ‘hacker’ to describe crackers; this irritates real hackers no end.

The basic difference is this: hackers build things, crackers break them.

If you want to be a hacker, keep reading. If you want to be a cracker, go read the alt.2600 newsgroup and get ready to do five to ten in the slammer after finding out you aren't as smart as you think you are. And that's all I'm going to say about crackers.

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Delete Undeletable Files

Delete Undeletable Files
Trick To Delete Undeletable Files Hi to all loving readers
I am very thankful to you all for your huge support I am very happy from your support and very thankful to you all.
Recently one of our reader VIMAL asked me for that he want to delete some files from his computer but all files are undeletable means when he trying to delete them it shows Error !. so he can not delete it . so I am going to help him for delete those all file.
Sometimes it is not possible to delete files and folders in Windows OS. It is common now-a-days. You will get prompts like “This program is in use” or anything similar to that.
You can delete those files and folders easily by using Safe Mode with Command Prompt.
Just Follow These all simple steps:-
First find where the file is in your computer. Suppose if the file name is “abc.txt” and if it is in the “My Documents”, then the complete address will be,
C:\Documents and Settings\Username\My Documents
Please Note Down the address in paper
Then restart your computer. When it boots press F8 key.
When it boot you’ll find Advanced Boot Options Menu.
Then goto Safe Mode with Command Prompt section.
Now computer boots in DOS prompt. Then type,
cd C:\Documents and Settings\Username\My Documents
Then type, del abc.txt
Congrats, now the file is deleted!
And if you are Facing any problem write to us we are very hppy to help you.
So please give your feedback by comment

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Paint Secrets

Paint Secrets
Paint Secrets Create a trail image

1. Open Paint, then open an image.
2. Right-click on the image and select "Select All"
3. Now hold the "Shift" key and move the image around. The image will be drawn with trail.

10x Zoom
1. Open Paint, then open a small image.
2. Select the zoom "Magnifier" tool.
3. Windows Paint lists out the zoom options from 1x to 8x, but there is a 10x...
4. After selecting the Magnifier tool, point the mouse right at the border line right under "8x" and left-click. There you go.. the hidden 10x.

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Installing RAM

Tips on Installing RAM

You must have available open memory slots to add memory. In extreme cases when only one slot exists, you may have to remove, for example, a 256-MB memory module to add a 512-MB one.

Once you have the correct RAM, you should follow the manufacturer's instructions for installing it. These instructions can be found on the manufacturer's Web site or in the manual that came with your computer. In some instances, installing your own RAM will void the warranty, so it's important to make sure you understand the rules before starting the procedure. If you don't have a manual, if the computer is homemade (generic), you'll need to follow the guidelines that come with the RAM itself.

Note that some computers make use of dual-channel RAM that works in pairs. In this case, the most benefit from new RAM installation can be obtained if the total amount of RAM is bought in two sticks, rather than a single stick. For example, if 2 Gigabytes (GB) total are desired, it would be better to get two 1 GB dual-channel sticks, rather than a single 2 GB stick.

Motherboard memory banks should be filled in order, as stated in the manual. There might be four banks total, for example, and if the installer will only be using two banks, banks one and two should be used rather than banks three and four. Check documentation that came with the motherboard or laptop to see how the banks are numbered.

For the most part, the procedure is as follows:

1.          Turn off the computer, monitor, and all accessories, including printers, speakers, and external hard disks. If a laptop, remove the battery pack. The memory banks can be accessed by opening the computer case or by removing the protective plate on the underside of the laptop.

2.          Memory chips are susceptible to damage by static discharge built up in the body. Before beginning RAM installation, it is important for the installer to ground himself. This can be done in a number of ways, but wearing a grounding wrist strap is recommended. These are widely available and quite inexpensive. With the computer plugged in, at least, you should touch a metal part of the computer case to ground yourself so you don't "shock" any of the computer's internal parts.

3.          Open the computer case using the appropriate tools, remove the cover, and remove the existing memory if necessary. Slow, gentle pressure should be applied to the metal or plastic clips at either end of the bank or slot to push them outward, away from the stick. The RAM should pop out of the bank. In some cases, the RAM will need to be gently pulled out. Make sure the clips at both ends are free, and gently lift at either end to pull the stick out evenly. In laptops, RAM is installed at an angle, and should be removed at the same angle.

4.          Whether removing old memory or handling new memory, avoid touching the gold pins on the bottom of the sticks. Also avoid touching the memory chips. When possible, hold a memory stick by its edges.

5.          Locate the open memory slots, and find the lowest numbered slot if more than one exists. If no numbers are shown, use the slot closest to the already installed memory.

6.          Once the memory banks are free, install the new RAM by filling bank number one first, then two, and so on. Be sure the RAM stick is pressed firmly into the slot, gold pins down, by applying even pressure all along the top edge of the stick using several fingertips evenly spaced. When the stick is inserted correctly, very little gold along the top edge of the slot or bank should be seen, and the RAM should be inserted evenly. The clips should spring into place to lock the stick in, though in some cases, the clips may need to be pressed up and into the locking notch at the edge of the stick. The memory module may go straight in, or it may have to be tilted first and then installed by popping it at a 45-degree angle.

7.          Turn your computer back on, and verify the memory is displayed on your startup screen. If your startup screen is hidden, right-click My Computer, click Properties, click the General tab, and verify the memory is recognized.

8.          Carefully replace the cover if the memory is recognized and the computer seems to be functioning correctly

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Capicity RAM You Need

How Much RAM Do You Need?

Most new off-the-shelf computers come with 256 MB (or more) of RAM, and 256 MB is the minimum you should have to run Windows XP. Although the System Requirements page suggests 128 MB or higher, if you only have the minimum amount, you'll run into problems with third-party software and when working with large files. Just because Windows XP can run on 128 MB of RAM doesn't mean all third-party programs can. For instance, Adobe Photoshop CS requires 192 MB of RAM (256 MB is recommended), and without it, the program either will not install properly or will not work properly once installed.

Third-party software isn't the only reason to have extra RAM though. Movie Maker 2 recommends 256 MB to function as its best. That's because applications need a place to store data temporarily while you're editing a photo or rendering a movie, or even printing a file or picture, and that temporary storage area is RAM. When RAM gets full, data gets swapped out of RAM to the hard drive to make room for the incoming data. Getting the old data back from the hard drive takes much longer than getting it from RAM, so when this happens there's a noticeable slowdown.

The RAM issue in a nutshell: if you have less than 512 MB of RAM on your Windows XP-based computer and you use any of the media tools that come with Windows XP including Windows Media Player and Movie Maker, or if you use third-party image editing tools, or run multiple programs at once, you probably need more RAM. And if you only have 128 MB of RAM and can't add more, avoid running multiple programs at once and editing large image files.

The latest Windows 7 already requires more RAM for the smooth handling of all operations. Minimum amount would be considered as 1 GB, but recommended will go to 2 GB and higher, certainly depending on the type of the applications and activities you are engaged on your PC.

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RAM Installation:Guide

RAM Installation: Guidelines and Troubleshooting

A computer can never run too fast or perform too well—that's just the law of the land. That being the case, it isn't surprising that I regularly get calls and e-mail messages from customers and friends complaining that their computers are performing poorly or running too slowly. The first recommendation for them would be doing a little maintenance. Perform “cold” reboot; delete unnecessary files and programs; see what applications are running in the background that they don't need; and run Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, and Registry Defragmenter. If problems persist, they should check the amount of random access memory (RAM), which is a frequent problem source for multiple computer-generated errors.

Yes, RAM is one of the most crucial elements installed in the computer. RAM temporarily holds data that applications need, and applications use RAM to perform tasks quickly. The more RAM a system has the less it has to access the hard drive to swap out data, the longer the hard drive will last, and the faster the system will perform.

If you do decide you need more RAM, you have to figure out how much you can add, what type you need, where to buy it, and how to install it.

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Prospectus of NTY 2011

Prospectus of Nepal Tourism Year 2011

The natural scenery, high mountains, incomparable cultural heritage and numerous specialties have made Nepal a well-known destination in the world tourism map with a distinct image of its own. However, the development of tourism is limited in number and within the certain areas of the country only. The new government has shown greater concerns about the real value of tourism and its role in contributing to economic growth, poverty alleviation, equity and overall tourism development in the country.
Therefore, the government is placing high priority on the tourism sector in its new economic development policy. As there is a favorable political situation in the country, the government is all geared towards economic revolution in next 10 years for the up-liftment of the masses. In this connection, government of Nepal in consultation with Nepalese Tourism Industry, concerned organizations and experts decided to launch a national tourism campaign "Nepal Tourism Year 2011". This announcement reflects the government’s anticipation to bring into at least one million international tourists in Nepal by the year 2011 and spread the benefits of tourism to the people at large. The national campaign also indicates the tourism industry’s exigency to organize a tourism promotion campaign having wider impact.
With the glittering badge of adventure destination and the adage “Atithi Devo Bhava” (Guests are Gods) that reflects "Atithi Satkar, Nepaliko Sanskar" (Hospitality is Nepalese culture) deeply rooted in our culture, the tourism products of Nepal never cease to mesmerize the visitors. The cultural, geographical, ethnic and bio-diversities of the country allure international visitors to Nepal time and again which truly substantiates the spirit of Nepal tourism brand; ‘Naturally Nepal, once is not enough !
The concept of Nepal Tourism Year 2011 envisions harnessing these opportunities and strengths and bringing together the commitment of the government, expertise and experiences of the organizations like Nepal Tourism Board, aptitude and dynamism of the private sector and communities for further tourism development in the country. Active involvement of the major political parties, members of the Constitution Assembly and Right groups is always taken into consideration in order to make the campaign inclusive and participatory in modus operandi and effective in result. The campaign will also focus on mobilizing the networks of the Non-Resident Nepalis (NRN) communities, Nepalese diplomatic missions abroad, I/NGOs, airlines, and national and international media. Similarly, friends and well-wishers of Nepal, tourism academicians and celebrities will also be approached in order to highlight the campaign internally as well as internationally.

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Rio Olympics Logo

Organizers of the Rio Olympics are on the defensive after similarities between the logo for the 2016 Games and a Colorado-based charity foundation were discovered.

The logo, which was released on New Year's Eve at a massive celebration at Copacabana beach, depicts figures embracing in a circular motion. It was soon noticed that the design resembles the logo for The Telluride Foundation, a Colorado charity chaired by Norman Schwarzkopf. 

Here's the Rio logo:

And the one for The Telluride Foundation:

Take away the legs and the red dancer from the Telluride logo and you have Rio's. It's undeniably similar. But is it plagiarism?

The director of the Brazilian agency that created the logo says no. Fred Gelli acknowledges that there are similarities between the two, but guaranteed that his design was organic. "For some reason, we missed that one," he said.

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Nepal Tourism Year

A motorcycle rally is being conducted from Thankot to Nagarkot to mark the commencement of Nepal Tourism Year (NTY) 2011 on Thursday.   

It is reported that participants from various organisations have marked their presence in the rally, which is coordinated by Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) for extensive advertisement of NTY 2011.

Constituent Assembly (CA) Chairman Subash Chandra Nembang and UCPN (Maoist) Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal inaugurated the rally at Thankot.

Similarly, Nepali Congress (NC) General Secretary Prakash Man Singh and CPN-UML Jhalanath Khanal addressed the rally at Kalanki and New Baneshwor respectively.

Likewise, Madhesi Janadhikar Forum Chairman Upendra Yadav and Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party Chairman Narayan Man Bijukchhe will address the rally in Koteshwor and Bhaktapur respectively

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Celebrating Lhosar

Gurung community celebrating Lhosar festival today
People of Gurung (Tamu) community are observing their most important festival, Tamu Lhosar, or New Year, on Thursday amidst much fanfare and celebration across the country and many parts of the world including Hong Kong, Australia, the U.K, and U.S.A.
The Gurung community celebrates this festival in the 12 month of the English calendar every year by taking blessings from respected elders and exchanging greetings among each other and friends.
Lhosar means "New Year" in English: Lho meaning ‘year’ and sar meaning ‘new’. Some Gurung people also count their age by calculating Lho.
On the occasion of Tamu Lhosar, President Dr Ram Baran Yadav extended heartfelt greeting to the Nepali indigenous Gurung community.
Scientific evidences have shown December 22 to be the longest night as well as being the coldest. However, the Gurung community believes Paush 15, or December 30, to be the one which is longest and coldest, and by tradition, mark the day as the beginning of the New Year. This festival is also popular in Tibet, India and Bhutan.
On the occasion of Lhosar festival the Gurung community residing in the Kathmandu valley are organising various programmes including special cultural programme at the open air theater in Tudhikhel as well as Birendra International Convention Center (BICC) at Baneshwor. Prime Minister including top political party leaders and dignitaries are expected to attend the function.

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REMOVABLE DISK ACCESS

REMOVABLE DISK ACCESS DENIED(because of virus)

THERE is another way.(assuming u r using AVG OR ...WHICH AUTOMATICALLY DETECTS D VIRUS AFTER U OPEN IT)


SOLUTION:

1)Whenever u click on REMOVABLE DISK OR that folder A MESSAGE COME AS ACCESS DENIED(because of virus)

2)now RIGHT CLICK ON ur removable disk & CLICK ON D OPTION SEARCH.........NOW IT HAS TO OPEN SOMTHING WITHIN THAT FOLDER.

3)Even if virus is present it will be detected & removed by residend shield of ur antivirus(TREATS FOUND & REMOVED)

& information all within ur pen drive is also displayed.

I HAVE TRIED IT MANY TIMES. IT WORKS...........


WARNING:In such case after getting all data of ur pen drive.copy & paste it somewhere in ur pc & then FOR D SAFEST SIDE FORMAT UR PEN DRIVE

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Windows7 Theme In Windows xp

Get Windows7 Theme In Windows xp

For those who still don’t have windows 7 on their PC can have atleast windows 7 look for their XP.
Windows 7 theme for windows XP

DOWNLOAD LINK

Download the file and extract the exe. Run the exe file. This will copy theme files to your PC. Now go to properties->themes and select SevenVG Refresh theme.

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Protect Your Gmail Account

5 Tips To Protect Your Gmail Account

Gmail is now a buzz. People having e-mail accounts with other email providers
are even getting registered with Gmail. And the reason is very clear, it’s fast and advanced. It’s efficiency and advanced gadgets system make it more user friendly. But, recently few incidents took place where people lost their Gmail accounts. Yes, this is easy and possible for the hackers to hack your Gmail account.

Hacking is noting but finding the holes in a thing. Once the hackers find that hole, they will get into that thing and will kick you out forever. So, this is very necessary to take care of your Gmail account by following 5 basic tips. These 5 tips will help you to protect your Gmail account from hackers. Lets discuss them one by one.

Use latest version browsers : Always download and install the latest updated version of your browser. Browsers get updated because their earlier versions are not smart enough. Updated versions patch few holes and security issues constantly. So, it’s better to allow your browser to auto install the latest versions as they improve their phishing filters regularly. Hackers try hard to find out the holes inside a browser and then figure that out. Once they did their try and error method, they will find victims. If you are the unfortunate one with some old browsers, they will attack you remotely using some tools. So, always use the latest versions to keep your Gmail safe.
Delete all suspicious Filters : Go to settings –> Filters. Check if they are having any filters. Double check if those filters are made by you or not. If you are not sure about a filter, delete that right away. These filters can put you in trouble. Never ever compromise with your Gmail account. Treat it seriously and never entertain anything that you are not aware of.

Do not click on any link you get via email : People get emails from different organization and societies asking them to click on a link. When they click on that link, they share their login details with the hackers. So, never ever click on any suspicious links, whatever that might claim! if it’s necessary to click on a link then keep your mouse cursor on that link, look at your browser’s status bar, if you find it all right, then go for that link. Else hit delete button. Remember that you have to be careful enough to get along with Gmail. Hate hackers, but love your Gmail.

Never reply to any unknown emails : Hackers are even more smarter that you think. They apply every alternate method to hack your mail accounts. One of the tricks they apply is sending some mails. After sending emails, they eagerly wait for your reply mail. This is possible to track your IP address from your e-mail. once they get your IP address, they will use their brain to hack your Gmail login details. So, be smart. Never reply to any unknown email from your Gmail account.

Disable mail forwarding or POP/IMAP : Never forward your mails to an another account. These can be traced and read by the hackers. Disable POP or IMAP access to your Gmail account. You can open your browser, login to Gmail and read your mails. then why do you need that POP and IMAP access? Hackers are smarter because they have not faced the smartest people yet. Follow the above mentioned tips to protect your Gmail account from hackers.

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Anuradha Koirala named CNN Hero 2010

Founder and Chairperson of Maiti Nepal Anuradha Koirala has been named the CNN Hero for the Year Sunday.

Koirala, 61, was declared the winner by t

he Cable News Network (CNN) at the end of the program ´CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute´ held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California USA -- the venue for the Academy Awards in 1947 and 1948, and eight times between 1988 and 2001 until it moved to the Kodak Theater in Hollywood in 2002 -- Saturday night.
She raised the CNN Hero placard that she was holding while standing with her fellow nine nominees, waved to the crowd before joining hands for Namaskar with teary eyes after American journalist Anderson Cooper announced her name as the winner. “This is another responsibility to me to work, really with all your support we have to end this heinous crime. Please join hands with me to end this crime,” an emotional Koirala told the crowd that also included Hollywood stars after receiving the CNN Hero statuette from Cooper.

She was voted ahead of Guadalupe Arizpe De La Vegaof Jaurez of Mexico, Susan Burton of California, USA, Linda Fondren of Mississippi, USA, Narayanan Krishnan of Madurai, India, Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow of Scotland, UK, Harmon Parker of Kenya, Aki Ra of Cambodia, Evans Wadongo of Kenya and Dan Wallrath of Texas, USA in the total vote of around two million by people across the globe.
“I cannot wait to come back home to Nepal and share this joy with my fellow countrymen. This is an award for the whole Nepali people,” Koirala told Republica over the phone from the JW Marriott Hotel, Los Angeles hours after being declared the winner. “We were very few Nepalis here but they showed great love for the country. I want to share this with the whole country there,” she said.
“I feel this award has added more responsibility on my shoulders,” Koirala added. The award, which includes a cash prize of US$ 100,000 on top of US$ 25,000 given to 10 nominees, also provided a global platform for her fight against trafficking and sexual exploitation of Nepali women. “This award will definitely help in our endeavors. All the corporate top brass and Hollywood celebrities I met here during the event have expressed commitment to help us,” she stated.
Grammy Award-winning artistes Bon Jovi, John Legend and Sugarland performed in the program attended by Halle Berry, Demi Moore, Jessica Alba, Kid Rock, LL Cool J, Renee Zellweger, Gerard Butler, Kiefer Sutherland, Marisa Tomei, Aaron Eckhart and Holly Robinson Peete. CNN will air the program on the Thanksgiving Day, Novevmber 25.

Born on April 14, 1949 in Rumjatar, Okhaldhunga as the third child of Colonel Pratap Singh Gurung and Laxmi, she did her schooling from the St Joseph´s Convent School in Kalimpong, India. Being daughter of an Indian Army officer, she completed her formal education in India doing Bachelor of Arts from Kolkata.

She taught English for 20 years in different schools of Kathmandu including the Budhanilkantha School. She started Maiti Nepal in 1993 along with eight other women and the NGO now looks after 150 formerly trafficked girls and 475 children most of whom were affected by the decade-long armed conflict. The Maiti Nepal premise now boasts of a school, a clinic, a women´s rehabilitation center, a child protection center, and an administrative building in the same compound.

“I never thought that I would get this international recognition when I started Maiti Nepal. I just carried on with my work,” she said. “Looking back at the struggle during those formative years, I can now say anything can be achieved with perseverance and hard work,” she declared.

Koirala has also received several other national and international honors and was also appointed the Minister of State for Women, Children and Social Welfare by the then King Gyanendra Shah in 2002.

CNN selects 25 of the 10,000 independent global nominations as Global Heroes every year since 2007. And a blue-ribbon panel of non-CNN affiliated judges including Mohammad Ali, Sir Richard Branson and Yo-Yo Ma had selected the top 10 Heroes from the 25 names this year.

Pablo Fajardo of Ecuador was awarded with the CNN Hero Award in 2007 for making remarkable contribution in environmental conservation, American Liz McCartney got the award in 2008 for her dedication in helping Hurricane Katrina survivors and Efren Penaflorida of the Philippines got it in 2009 for educating the poor children

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Tara air-crash

The bodies of the three crewmembers killed in the Tara Air airplane crash has been handed over to their families on Friday.
The bodies were handed over to the families after autopsy at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in the Capital.
The last rites of the deceased—Captain Anup Raj Shakya, Co-Pilot Sachindra Shrestha and Air Hostess Sadikshya Gurung—will be carried out today, family sources have confirmed.
It is reported that the remains of the 19 foreign nationals killed in the crash—12 women and 7 men—have been identified. The bodies are undergoing autopsy, hospital sources confirmed.

The families of eight of the deceased passengers have arrived in the Capital. Meanwhile, the Bhutanese authority in Nepal is probing into the family ties of the rest of the victims.
The remains of the Twin Otter aircraft belonging to Tara Air, which had gone missing on Wednesday after take-off from the Lamidada Airport in Khotang district, were recovered at Sri Chaur VDC in Okhaldhunga yesterday morning.
All 22 people—19 passengers and three crewmembers—on board were killed in the mishap.

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About Yershagumba

यार्सागुम्बाः केही वैज्ञानिक तथ्य यार्सागुम्बा हिमाली क्षेत्रमा पाइने बहुमूल्य जडिबुटीको रूपमा चिनिँदै आएको छ । यो वनस्पति र किराबीचको अन्तरसम्बन्धको एउटा उदाहरण हो । यो च्याउको यस्तो प्रजाति हो जसले आपmनो सम्र्पूण जीवनचक्र पुतलीको लार्भाभित्र नै व्यतीत गर्छ । यार्सागुम्बा लार्भा अवस्थामा लाग्ने रोग हो जुन लार्भाको मृत्युपश्चात् बाहिर उम्रन्छ । यार्सागुम्बा च्याउको प्रजाति भए पनि अन्य च्याउहरूको जस्तो छाता भने हुँदैन । लार्भाले छाला फेर्ने अवस्थामा झरेका यार्सागुम्बाको बीउ अंकुरण भई पोषणतत्त्व सोस्न थाल्छ । यार्सागुम्बा भाँचेर हेर्‍यौं भने भित्री भाग सेतो ढिक्को देख्छौं । किराको भित्री भाग र यार्सागुम्बाको भित्री भाग एकै प्रकारको हुन्छ । यसको औषधीय महत्त्व धेरै अघिदेखि पत्ता लागेको हो । चार हजार वर्षभन्दा पनि पुरानो आत्रेय संहितामा भूसंजीवनी भनी नामकरण गरिएको छ जसलाई सान्निपातिक बृक्क महाफिरंग अथवा मृगौला र यौनसम्बन्धी रोगहरूको रोकथामका लागि उपयोगी भनी उल्लेख गरिएको छ । चरक संहिता, जुन आत्रेयकै शिष्य चरकले लेखेका हुन्, मा पनि त्यसरी नै उल्लेख गरिएको छ । चीनमा विगत २००० वर्षदेखि नै यसको प्रयोग हुँदै आएको उल्लेख छ । यार्सागुम्बा नेपाल तथा भुटानको उत्तरी भाग, चीनको तिब्बत स्वशासित क्षेत्रबाहेक गान्सु, किन्घाई, सिचुआन तथा युनान प्रान्त तथा भारतको हिमाली प्रान्तजस्तै हिमाञ्चल प्रदेश, अरुणाचल प्रदेश तथा सिक्किममा पाइन्छ । ठाउँ हेरी यो प्रायः ४,००० देखि ५,००० मिटरसम्मको उचाइभित्र पाइन्छ । पश्चिमा जगतलाई करिब ३०० वर्ष अगाडि मात्र यार्सागुम्बाको जानकारी भएको देखिन आउँछ । यार्सागुम्बाको वैज्ञानिक नाम कोर्डिसेप्स साइनेन्सिस हो । कोर्डिसेप्सअन्तर्गत यार्सागुम्बा साथै किराबाट उम्रने ५०० भन्दा बढी च्याउका प्रजाति पर्छन् । रिब्स नाम गरेका व्यक्तिले चीनको गुआङदोङ प्रान्तबाट बेलायतको लिनियन समाजमा यार्सागुम्बाको केही नमुना पठाए । उनका अनुसार त्यतिबेला गुआङदोङ प्रान्तमा यार्सागुम्बालाई अन्त प्रान्तबाट बिक्रीका लागि ल्याइन्थ्यो । पछि बेलायतका किटविज्ञानका प्राध्यापक वेस्टवुडले ती नमुनालाई सन् १८४१ मा भएको किटविज्ञान समाजको सम्मेलनमा प्रदर्शन गरे र चीनमा बहुमूल्य जडिबुटी भएको समेत वर्णन गरे । पछि सन् १८४३ मा बेलायतकै बर्केली भन्ने प्रसिद्घ च्याउविज्ञले यिनै नमुनाको अध्ययन गरी स्फेरिया साइनेन्सिस भनी नाम दिए । यी नमुना हालसम्म पनि बेलायतको क्यु बगैंचाको प्राकृतिक संग्रहालयमा सुरक्षित छन् । पछि साक्कार्डो नाम गरेका इटालियन वैज्ञानिकले सन् १८८३ मा त्यस नामलाई परिमार्जन गरी कोर्डिसेप्स साइनेन्सिस भन्ने नाम दिए जुन धेरै वर्षसम्म कायम भयो । हालसालै मात्र सन् २००७ मा यस नामलाई पुनः परिमार्जन गरी ओफियोकोर्डिसेप्स साइनेन्सिस भन्ने नाम दिइयो । यार्सागुम्बालाई यार्सागुम्बु अथवा यार्चागुम्बा पनि भन्ने गरिन्छ जसको तिब्बती भाषामा अर्थ हुन्छ गरम याममा बिरुवा हुनु र जाडो याममा किरा हुनु । नेपाली भाषामा जीवनबुटी अथवा किराच्याउको नामले पनि चिनिन्छ । त्यस्तै चिनियाँ भाषामा यसलाई दोङछोङसियाकाओ अथवा छोटकरीमा छोङकाओ, जापानी भाषामा तोचुकासो र कोरियन भाषामा धोङछुङहाछो भनिन्छ जुन तिब्बती नामबाटै उल्था गरिएको हो । यसबाट विगतमा यार्सागुम्बा भन्नाले जाडो याममा किराको रूपमा रहने तर गरम आएपछि बिरुवामा रूपान्तरण हुने अनौठो खालको जीव हो भन्ने धारणा व्याप्त रहेछ भन्ने बुझिन्छ । यार्सागुम्बा कुनकुन किरा अथवा कति थरीको किरामा उम्रन्छ भन्ने अनुसन्धान विगत सय वर्षदेखि हँुदै आएको देखिन्छ । यार्सागुम्बा लेपिडोप्टरा वर्गअन्तर्गत पर्नेे हेपियालिडे परिवारको ठिटारोड्स प्रजातिका पुतलीहरूको लार्भामा उम्रन्छ । सबैभन्दा पहिले उक्त पुतलीलाई हेपियालिस प्रजाति भनी सन् १९०९ मा ओबेर्थुरले नाम दिए । पछि भियत्ते नाम गरेका वैज्ञानिकले सन् १९६८ मा नेपालमा पाइने प्रजातिहरूको अध्ययन गरी यार्सागुम्बा लाग्ने पुतलीहरूलाई ठिटारोड्स भन्ने नयाँ नाम दिए । ठिटारोड्सअन्तर्गत करिब ७० प्रजातिका पुतली पाइन्छन् जसमध्ये चिनियाँ वैज्ञानिकहरूका अनुसार ५० भन्दा बढी प्रजातिहरूका लार्भामा यार्सागुम्बा लाग्छ । यी पुतलीको आयु सरदर २ देखि ५ वर्षसम्म हुन्छ । आपmनो जीवनकालमा धेरैजसो समय लार्भाको रूपमा बिताउँछन् र बिरुवाका जरा खान्छन् जसको कारण कहिलेकाहीं हिमाली क्षेत्रको वनस्पतिजगत्लाई ठूलो क्षति पुर्‍याउँछ । जाडो यामभरि लार्भा सुषुप्त अवस्थामा रहन्छन् भने गरम सुरु भएपछि प्युपामा परिणत भई वयस्क पुतली बन्छन् । वयस्क पुतलीको आयु साह्रै छोटो हुन्छ र सरदर २ देखि ५ दिनसम्म मात्र बाँच्छ । यही अवधिमै पोथी पुतलीले धेरै संख्यामा फुल पार्छ । यार्सागुम्बाको संकलन जेठ, असारमा गरिन्छ तर त्यतिबेला यार्सागुम्बाको शरीर पूर्ण वयस्क भइसकेको हुँदैन । संकलनकर्ताले यार्सागुम्बा वयस्क हुनुभन्दा पहिले नै टिप्नुको मुख्य दुई कारण छन् । पहिलो कारण त संकलनकर्ताहरूबीचमा प्रतिस्पर्धा हुनु हो । दोस्रो कारण हो जब यार्सागुम्बा पूर्णरूपले वयस्क भएर बिउहरू छर्छ, त्यसपछि यसको भित्री तन्तु बिस्तारै खुकुलो हँुदै जान्छ र तौल घट्दै जान्छ । वयस्क हुनुभन्दा पहिले यार्सागुम्बाको तन्तु कसिलो हुन्छ र तौल पनि धेरै हुन्छ । यार्सागुम्बाको व्यापार तौलका आधारमा गरिने भएकाले वयस्क हुनुभन्दा पहिले नै टिप्नु लाभदायक मानिन्छ । साधारणतया यार्सागुम्बा साउन तथा भदौको पहिलो आधासम्म वयस्क हुन्छ र बिउ छर्न थाल्छ । यतिबेला जब लार्भा जमिनको सतहमा चर्न आउँछ, बिउहरू झरेर लार्भालाई आक्रमण गर्छन् । लार्भाहरू सामान्यतया खानका लागि जमिनमुनि घुस्छन् तर जब यार्सागुम्बाको बिउले आक्रमण गर्छ, त्यसपछि लार्भाको शरीर कमजोर हुनुको साथै यसमा मनोवैज्ञानिक असर पनि पर्न जान्छ जसले गर्दा जमिनमुनि अलि बढी नै घुस्छ तर त्यतिबेला भने पछाडिको खुट्टाबाट ठाडो पारेर घुस्छ जसले गर्दा यार्सागुम्बा टाउकोको भागबाट उम्रन्छ । जाडो यामभरि यार्सागुम्बाका रेसाहरू लार्भाको शरीरभित्र सुषुप्त रूपमा बढ्छन् । वास्तवमा यार्सागुम्बाको जीवनचक्रमा जाडो महिनाको प्रतिकूल असरबाट छल्ने यो एउटा राम्रो उपाय हो । यस संसारमा हरेक प्राणीले प्रतिकूल मौसममा बाँच्नका लागि सुषुप्त अवस्था रोजेका हुन्छन् । जाडोको मौसमको अन्त्यतिर तापक्रम बढ्न थालेपछि यार्सागुम्बा बिस्तारै जमिनमाथि टुसाउन थाल्छ र आपmनो गतिशील जीवन फेरि सुरु गर्छ । यार्सागुम्बाको संकलनका साथसाथै संरक्षण पनि त्यत्तिकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ । यार्सागुम्बा किराबाट मात्र उम्रने भएकाले यसको जनघनत्व किराको जनघनत्वमा निर्भर गर्छ । अतः मानिसको क्रियाकलापबाट किराको जनघनत्वमा प्रभाव परेमा अवश्य पनि यार्सागुम्बाको जनघनत्वमा पनि प्रभाव पर्छ । त्यति मात्र नभई वयस्क हुनुभन्दा पहिले नै अत्यधिक संकलन गरेमा यार्सागुम्बाको बिउ उत्पादनमा प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव परी भविष्यमा यसको संकलनमा ठूलो ह्रास आउने सम्भावना हुन्छ । चीनमा यार्सागुम्बाको अत्यधिक संकलनले यसको उत्पादनमा ह्रास आएको उदाहरण हालै मात्र प्रकाशित विश्वविख्यात साइन्स पत्रिकाको सन् २००८ नोभेम्बर २१ को अंकमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । त्यसैले हामी पनि सतर्क हुनुपर्छ । नत्र भने आजको यार्सागुम्बा भोलिका सन्ततिले नचिन्ने सम्भावना पनि हुन सक्छ ।

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